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Egg testing: interpretation of veterinary drug residues such as florfenicol and enrofloxacin

Eggs are one of the most common animal-derived foods, and egg testing is also particularly important in food safety testing. Due to the use of veterinary drugs in the breeding process, the problem of veterinary drug residues in eggs has attracted much attention in recent years. This article introduces the types of veterinary drug residues in eggs, detection techniques and reasons for unqualified, in order to improve the food safety and safety of employees and consumers. Quality Awareness. You are worth replica watches uk the us best quality super clone rolex online sale with high quality!

  

Current status of veterinary drug residues in eggs

Eggs are the main source of protein in the residents' diet. They are rich in nutrients and easily absorbed by the body, and are low in price. They occupy a large proportion of people's daily diet. In recent years, as our country’s poultry industry has continued to scale and industrialize, antibiotics and antiparasitic drugs have been widely used. The non-compliance of the use of veterinary drugs in the breeding process has led to excessive veterinary drug residues in eggs, and people have long-term consumption of veterinary drug residues. , Which is harmful to human health. You can find UK top quality copy watches with low prices from uk online store. All the hot models are available.


Veterinary drug residues refer to the parent compound and metabolites of veterinary drugs contained in any edible part of animal products, as well as impurities related to veterinary drugs. Veterinary drug residues include the original drug, as well as the metabolites of the drug in the animal's body and other substances produced in the production of veterinary drugs, including antibiotics, anti-insect drugs and tranquilizers.


Veterinary drug residues frequently detected in eggs include fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. Excessive veterinary drug residues in eggs affect the healthy development of my country's animal husbandry and endanger human health. my country's food safety supervision sampling inspection covers a wide area, a large number of samples, and accurate and authoritative inspection results, which have guiding value. Further standardize market supervision and technical guidance to production enterprises, improve the food safety awareness of the majority of breeding enterprises, and reduce the unqualified rate of veterinary drug residues.

 

 

Commonly used veterinary drug residue detection methods in eggs

· ELISA kit method

         The principle of ELISA is an antigen-antibody reaction, which can be used to detect the residues of tetracycline drugs in eggs. Standard solutions and buffers are prepared as required. The test is performed in accordance with the operating procedures of the kit. The protein in the egg is calculated by measuring the absorbance of the protein. The concentration of the tetracycline substance. The test kit method has a large sample volume, simple operation, and is widely used. With low price and high quality, the uk AAA quality fake cartier is worth having!


· High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

         The combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry is to separate the sample to be tested by liquid chromatography, and then use the mass analyzer of the mass spectrometer to screen out the characteristic ions to realize the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the substance. This method is widely used in the detection and analysis of veterinary drug residues in egg detection [4], such as tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ofloxacin), sulfa drugs, etc., with high detection sensitivity and accurate results.

 

Analysis of unqualified items in egg inspection

In the food safety supervision sampling data released by the State Administration for Market Regulation in 2019, among 48 batches of unqualified egg samples detected, the unqualified items were enrofloxacin (34 batches) and florfenicol (13 batches). ) And ofloxacin (1 batch), florfenicol, enrofloxacin, and ofloxacin for the detection methods and judgment basis are shown in Table 1.

 

Table 1 Detection methods and judgment basis for the total amount of florfenicol, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, and sulfonamides in eggs

Test items Detection method Judgment basis
Florfenicol GB/T 22338-2008 Determination of chloramphenicol residues in foods of animal origin Ministry of Agriculture Announcement No. 235 GB 31650
Enrofloxacin GB/T 21312-2007 Detection method of 14 quinolone drug residues in animal-derived foods Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry Ministry of Agriculture Announcement No. 235 GB 31650
Ofloxacin GB/T 21312-2007 Detection method of 14 quinolone drug residues in animal-derived foods Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry Announcement No. 2292 of the Ministry of Agriculture issued the decision to stop the use of lomefloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin in food animals

 

Causes of excessive veterinary drug residues in eggs

· Farmers use veterinary drugs irregularly in chicken feed addition or disease treatment.
For example, the used florfenicol residue accumulates in poultry. Florfenicol is metabolized slowly in poultry, but it is easy to remain in eggs for a long time. The "GB 31650-2019 National Food Safety Standard Maximum Residue Limits of Veterinary Drugs in Foods" stipulates that the use of florfenicol during the laying period is prohibited.
 
The State Food and Drug Administration has issued a risk warning for florfenicol. The ADI value (average daily allowable intake) of florfenicol is on average 0-3μg/body weight/day, calculated on a 60 kg adult body weight. If you take 0-180μg of florfenicol in your diet, you don't need to worry about it under normal circumstances, but long-term consumption of eggs with excess florfenicol residues may pose a certain risk to human health.
 
· Market supervision measures are not perfect
National sampling data in 2018 show that the unqualified testing of eggs in wholesale markets is higher than in supermarkets and farmer’s markets. It is recommended to strengthen the supervision of wholesale markets, establish a traceability system for egg quality and safety, and conduct systematic scientific guidance on the use of veterinary drugs in laying hens. Source control of irregular use of veterinary drugs in eggs.
 
Consumer tips
· Buy eggs scientifically and reasonably
The color of the egg shell has nothing to do with its nutritional value. The color of the egg shell is white and red, which are mainly related to the breed of laying hens. Consumers should choose clean eggs as much as possible when buying eggs. The safety of eggs is relatively higher than that of bulk eggs. If you buy unwashed bulk eggs in supermarkets or farmer’s markets, consumers are advised to clean them as soon as possible after purchase to prevent possible potential risks.
 
· Consumers should enhance their awareness of prevention
Consumers should not blindly pursue native eggs when buying eggs. The biggest difference between native eggs and ordinary eggs is the difference in cholesterol content, while there is not much difference in the content of other nutrients. Many native eggs on the market are not raised by large enterprises, and many retail investors have low quality awareness. They don't know which drugs are prohibited. There may be eggs with excessive veterinary drugs. Try to choose eggs with brand logos.
 
· Eggs after purchase should be eaten as soon as possible and kept refrigerated
The shelf life of eggs is greatly affected by temperature. Generally, when the temperature is 2-5°C, the shelf life of eggs is 40-60 days, and when the temperature is below 15°C, the shelf life is about 30 days; when the temperature is higher than 25°C in summer, fresh eggs The shelf life is 7-10 days. Consumers should buy and store according to the actual situation to ensure the nutrition and safety of eggs.
 
——Egg testing: interpretation of veterinary drug residues such as florfenicol and enrofloxacin